India’s agricultural landscape has undergone a historic transformation over the past decade. As the sector becomes more resilient and productive, the focus under Prime Minister Narendra Modi has moved beyond traditional methods to a broader vision—market access, diversification, climate-smart farming, and inclusive rural empowerment.
Infrastructure driving change
At the heart of this transformation is robust infrastructure development. The ₹1 lakh crore Agriculture Infrastructure Fund is supporting over 42,000 projects across India, including modern warehouses and food processing units. These facilities are key to reducing post-harvest losses and increasing farmers’ profits.
The PM Kisan Samriddhi Kendras, now numbering 1.8 lakh, serve as integrated agri-service centers, providing inputs, guidance, and market linkages. Simultaneously, the digital revolution in agriculture is taking root with the e-NAM platform connecting 1,473 mandis across 23 states and 4 union territories, enabling seamless trade worth ₹4 lakh crore. Mega Food Parks have surged from just two in 2014 to 41 in 2025, significantly boosting agro-processing and value addition.
Innovation and entrepreneurship at the grassroots
Innovation and women’s empowerment have emerged as defining features of this new era. The Namo Drone Didi initiative empowers 15,000 women-led self-help groups with drones, enhancing precision farming and creating new income streams. Meanwhile, the AgriSURE fund by NABARD, with a corpus of ₹750 crore, is backing high-potential agri-startups. Already, nearly 2,000 startups have scaled operations under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, integrating technology with grassroots farming.
Diversifying income sources for farmers
Diversification beyond conventional crops is reshaping rural livelihoods. India continues to be the world’s top milk producer, with indigenous milk production rising by 69 percent and providing sustenance to 8 crore individuals. The fisheries sector has nearly doubled in output, supported by renewed attention to inland and marine ecosystems. Food processing capacity expanded from 12 to 242 lakh metric tonnes, while exports have doubled to $9 billion. Beekeeping, another high-value activity, reached 1.42 lakh metric tonnes in honey production, with exports tripling. Under the “Sweet Revolution,” 167 women self-help groups are actively participating.
Towards sustainability and organic farming
Green energy and organic farming are driving the shift towards sustainability. The Ethanol Blending Programme has reached nearly 18 percent blending, ensuring better returns for sugarcane farmers and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. The PM-KUSUM scheme is helping farmers adopt solar pumps and generate clean energy. Natural farming practices, promoted through Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana and the National Mission on Natural Farming, are gaining traction for being eco-friendly and cost-effective.
Reviving traditional grains and future foods
India has also emerged as a global leader in the millet renaissance. After the United Nations declared 2023 the International Year of Millets, India rebranded millets as “Shree Anna” and began promoting them as a health and climate-resilient food option. This revival has reintroduced traditional grains into modern diets and markets, both domestically and internationally.
Strengthening the seed-to-market value chain
The entire agricultural chain—from seed to market—is now more robust than ever. The SMSP Scheme has enabled over six lakh seed villages, ensuring the supply of 530 lakh quintals of quality seeds. Digital tools like the SATHI Portal have brought transparency and traceability to seed distribution systems, empowering farmers with information and access.
Expanding reach through new schemes
To consolidate these gains, new schemes have been introduced. The PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana targets productivity enhancement in 100 underperforming districts, impacting over 1.7 crore farmers. The One District One Product initiative encourages regional agri-specialties, promoting rural entrepreneurship. Additionally, the newly formed Makhana Board will strengthen the value chain and exports of this specialty crop from Bihar.
India’s agricultural journey today reflects more than just rising yields—it embodies a social and economic shift. From modernisation and digitisation to women-led innovation and renewable energy, the sector is poised to lead the way for rural prosperity. As the farmer transitions from food provider to growth driver, a new chapter in India’s development story is being written—one that is inclusive, entrepreneurial, and future-ready.