A new international study has raised concerns about the health risks posed by recycled plastic, revealing that a single pellet of recycled polyethylene plastic can contain more than 80 different chemicals. The research highlights the potential for these chemicals to leach into water and interfere with hormone systems and metabolic functions.
Conducted by researchers from the University of Gothenburg and Leipzig, the study was published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials. It underscores that while recycling is often promoted as a solution to the global plastic pollution crisis, it can also inadvertently introduce toxic substances into the environment and consumer products.
In the experiment, researchers obtained recycled polyethylene plastic pellets from various parts of the world and soaked them in water for 48 hours. Zebrafish larvae were then exposed to the water for five days. The results showed notable changes in gene expression related to lipid metabolism, adipogenesis (the formation of fat cells), and endocrine regulation in the fish.
“These short leaching times and exposure times are yet another indicator of the risks that chemicals in plastics pose to living organisms,” said lead author Azora Konig Kardgar, a researcher in ecotoxicology at the University of Gothenburg. “The impacts that we measured show that these exposures have the potential to change the physiology and health of the fish.”
The findings echo previous research suggesting that exposure to toxic plastic chemicals may also affect human health, contributing to reproductive issues, hormonal imbalances, obesity, diabetes, and even certain cancers.
Professor Bethanie Carney Almroth, principal investigator of the study, noted: “This is the main obstacle with the idea of recycling plastic. We never have full knowledge of what chemicals will end up in an item made of recycled plastic. And there is also a significant risk of chemical mixing events occurring, which render the recycled plastic toxic.”
The study comes ahead of a crucial meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee under the United Nations Environment Program. Nations will gather in Geneva this August to finalize negotiations on a Global Plastics Treaty aimed at curbing plastic pollution and addressing the associated health risks.
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