Agriculture has long been the soul of India’s economy and society. Over the past eleven years, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership, India’s agricultural landscape has been redefined by a holistic, inclusive, and tech-driven approach that is embodied in the principle of Beej Se Bazaar Tak, or Seed to Market. This transformation puts the farmer at the center of policy-making, with a focus on income security, smart farming, traditional wisdom, and global competitiveness.
Rising investment in the agriculture sector
Recognising the critical role of agriculture, the government substantially increased funding to the sector. The Budget Estimates for the Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare rose from ₹27,663 crore in 2013–14 to ₹1,37,664 crore in 2024–25. This more than fivefold jump in allocation has enabled investments in infrastructure, innovation, and farmer welfare.
Growth in foodgrain and climate-resilient crops
India’s foodgrain production has grown significantly, from 265.05 million tonnes in 2014–15 to an estimated 347.44 million tonnes in 2024–25. This includes major staples like rice, wheat, pulses, and oilseeds. The focus has also shifted toward increasing production of climate-resilient and nutrition-rich crops, with support for coarse grains, pulses, and oilseeds witnessing sharp growth.
Strengthening procurement and minimum support prices
The government has significantly increased Minimum Support Prices and procurement. Between 2014 and 2025, procurement of 14 Kharif crops reached 7871 LMT, compared to 4679 LMT in the previous decade. The MSP for wheat rose from ₹1,400 in 2013–14 to ₹2,425 in 2024–25, and payments to farmers more than doubled. The MSP for paddy increased from ₹1,310 to ₹2,369 per quintal in the same period. Procurement and MSP support for pulses and oilseeds grew exponentially, empowering farmers in previously underserved regions.
Financial empowerment through direct benefit and credit
Financial empowerment of farmers has become a central theme. Under the PM-KISAN scheme, ₹3.7 lakh crore has been directly transferred to over 11 crore farmers, ensuring income support with full transparency via Direct Benefit Transfer. Kisan Credit Cards have been issued to 7.71 crore farmers, enabling credit access worth ₹10 lakh crore. The credit limit has been raised from ₹3 to ₹5 lakh.
Insurance, irrigation and sustainable practices
Risk management and sustainability are also key components of the new agricultural strategy. The PM Fasal Bima Yojana has enrolled over 63 crore farmers and paid ₹1.75 lakh crore in crop loss claims. The PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana has invested ₹93,000 crore in irrigation infrastructure, making farming more drought-resistant. The Soil Health Card Scheme has issued 1.75 crore cards and upgraded 8,272 testing labs, encouraging balanced fertiliser use.
Laying the foundation for long-term prosperity
With increased investment, income support, insurance, and irrigation, India’s agricultural foundation has been strengthened. These reforms are not just about enhancing output, but about empowering every farmer with dignity, stability, and opportunity.