Lok Adalats have emerged as a cornerstone of India’s alternative dispute resolution framework, offering citizens a fast, cost-effective and people-centric mechanism to resolve disputes through consensus rather than prolonged litigation.
Operating under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, Lok Adalats provide an informal and conciliatory platform where disputes are settled amicably, without court fees or complex procedures. Awards passed by Lok Adalats carry the same legal status as civil court decrees and are final and binding, with no provision for appeal.
From the national level to taluk courts, Lok Adalats function through a four-tier institutional structure comprising the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA), State Legal Services Authorities, District Legal Services Authorities and Taluk Legal Services Committees. This framework ensures access to justice across urban centres, small towns and rural areas.
National Lok Adalats, held simultaneously across the country on pre-notified dates, have significantly reduced pendency by settling a large number of cases in a single day. These include both pre-litigation disputes and cases pending before courts. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the introduction of E-Lok Adalats enabled virtual participation, further expanding access to justice.
In addition, Permanent Lok Adalats play a crucial role in resolving disputes related to public utility services such as transport, electricity, water supply, postal services and telecommunications. These forums have jurisdiction over cases involving claims up to ₹1 crore and have the authority to adjudicate disputes if conciliation fails, ensuring timely and binding outcomes.
Lok Adalats have helped reduce the burden on traditional courts while delivering swift relief to citizens, including accident victims, small traders, farmers and service consumers. The system also encourages early settlement by refunding court fees already paid in cases resolved through Lok Adalats.
The government said the continued expansion of Lok Adalats, supported by judicial officers, conciliators and para-legal volunteers, reflects a broader commitment to accessible, compassionate and efficient justice delivery. By combining legal certainty with empathy and speed, Lok Adalats have strengthened public trust in the justice system and provided practical solutions to millions of citizens across the country.
