Indian researchers have developed a high-voltage supercapacitor using a dual-functional porous graphene carbon nanocomposite (PGCN) electrode, a breakthrough that could enable electric vehicles (EVs) to achieve faster acceleration and extended driving range, while also benefiting solar and grid-scale energy storage.
The innovation, developed at the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), an autonomous institute under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), overcomes the voltage limitations of conventional supercapacitors. Commercial devices typically operate between 2.5–3.0 volts, beyond which electrolytes face decomposition risks and safety challenges. The newly developed PGCN-based system has achieved an operating voltage of 3.4 volts, while significantly enhancing energy storage performance.
According to the research team, the dual-functionality of the PGCN material—engineered to be water-repellent and highly compatible with organic electrolytes—minimizes degradation and allows rapid electrolyte penetration into its porous structure. This improves ion transport and electrochemical efficiency, resulting in 33% higher energy storage capacity, high power output, and long-term durability suited for EVs, portable electronics and grid applications.
The device retains 96% of its performance after 15,000 charge–discharge cycles and offers power densities up to 17,000 W/kg, the researchers said.
The material is manufactured through an eco-friendly hydrothermal carbonization process using 1,2-propanediol as a precursor. The 25-hour procedure at 300°C avoids harsh chemicals, reduces environmental impact and is scalable from laboratory to industrial production with yields above 20%.
The higher operating voltage is expected to reduce the need for stacking multiple low-voltage cells, enabling more compact and efficient modules in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Officials said the development aligns with India’s clean energy objectives and supports the Aatma Nirbhar Bharat initiative by strengthening domestic capabilities in advanced energy storage technologies.
The study has been published in the Chemical Engineering Journal.
